Regular glass is called annealed glass. When it breaks it breaks into large shards that are deadly. Glass that is low to the ground where people can walk or fall through it or glass in a shower, pool area, doorway, on a staircase landing etc… where people can slip is tempered. Tempered glass is 4 times as hard to break & when it does break, it breaks into little cube looking pieces that may scratch you but it usually doesn’t cut deep.
Tempered glass is also called safe glass. Regular glass shatters at 350°. Annealed glass can be cut into any size easily, which makes custom sizing not too much problem. Once glass is tempered it can’t be cut without the glass shattering. This makes custom sizing more expensive. To custom size tempered glass 1st you must cut a piece of regular glass to the size you need. Then you put the glass in a pressure furnace increase the temperature & pressure on the glass until it reaches approx. 450°. The glass doesn’t shatter at 350 degrees because the pressure keeps the glass together. Then it is slowly cooled.
The result – the heat increases the strength of the glass but if there is a significant impact or something with a small point (ex: ice pick) the glass will shatter into tiny little pieces. Basically, tempered glass is strong, pre-broken tiny pieces of glass created in high heat and pressure. An example is the driver side window in your car.